Cragside is a Victorian country house in Rothbury, Northumberland, designed by architect Norman Shaw and built for industrialist William Armstrong between 1863 and 1895. It was the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power. It is a Grade I listed building and Scheduled Monument, managed by the National Trust and open to visitors.

What architectural style is Cragside?

Cragside is built in the Old English or Arts and Crafts style, with a dramatic multi-gabled silhouette set into a rocky hillside in Northumberland. The design by Norman Shaw features extensive timber framing, ornate brickwork, and complex rooflines requiring a substantial cast iron rainwater system.

What rainwater systems are appropriate for Victorian country houses like Cragside?

Victorian country houses typically feature cast iron gutters, downpipes, and ornamental hopper heads integral to the architectural character of the building. For complex multi-gabled rooflines, large-capacity cast iron profiles and bespoke castings are often required. Tuscan Foundry Products supplies heritage cast iron for National Trust and similar projects — call 0333 987 4452.

Does Tuscan Foundry supply cast iron guttering for Northumberland properties?

Yes. Tuscan Foundry Products supplies cast iron rainwater systems for listed and period buildings throughout Northumberland, including Victorian country houses, estate buildings, and ecclesiastical properties. Call 0333 987 4452 or email info@tuscanfoundry.com to discuss your project.

What cast iron guttering is appropriate for a period property in Kent?

Period properties in Kent typically feature Half Round or Ogee cast iron gutters depending on the building's age and style. Georgian and early Victorian properties commonly have Ogee profile; later Victorian and Edwardian properties often feature Half Round. Tuscan Foundry Products can advise on the most appropriate choice for your Kent property — call 0333 987 4452.

Do listed properties in Kent need cast iron guttering?

Listed buildings in Kent are required to maintain the character of the original building. Replacing cast iron guttering with uPVC is likely to require Listed Building Consent and is unlikely to be approved by Kent conservation officers. Like-for-like replacement in cast iron does not normally require consent. Tuscan Foundry Products supplies cast iron guttering for listed properties throughout Kent.

Does Tuscan Foundry deliver cast iron guttering to Kent?

Yes. Tuscan Foundry Products delivers cast iron gutters, downpipes, hoppers, and fittings to locations throughout Kent. We supply architects, conservation contractors, and private clients on listed and period buildings across the county. Call 0333 987 4452 or email info@tuscanfoundry.com to discuss your project.

What is a quinquennial inspection?

A quinquennial inspection is a mandatory five-yearly condition survey of a Church of England church, carried out by an approved architect or chartered building surveyor. It assesses the condition of all elements including the roof, rainwater drainage, walls, windows, and fittings, and produces a prioritised schedule of repairs.

What type of guttering is appropriate for a historic church?

Cast iron gutters and downpipes are the appropriate and most commonly specified rainwater system for historic churches. They match original drainage systems on Victorian, Georgian, and earlier ecclesiastical buildings, comply with BS 460:2002, and are acceptable to Diocesan Advisory Committees and conservation officers. Tuscan Foundry Products supplies cast iron church drainage systems — call 0333 987 4452 for guidance.

Does replacing church guttering require a faculty?

Replacing guttering like-for-like in the same material on a Church of England church typically falls within List A or List B of the Faculty Jurisdiction Rules 2015 and may not require a full faculty. Any change of material is likely to require a faculty. Always check with the Diocesan Advisory Committee before proceeding.

How long do cast iron gutters last on a church?

Cast iron gutters correctly installed, painted, and maintained can last in excess of 100 years on a church building. Regular repainting every 7-10 years and prompt attention to joint failures are the key maintenance tasks. Linseed oil paint is increasingly used on ecclesiastical buildings as a period-appropriate and durable finish.

Can Tuscan Foundry supply large-capacity gutters for churches?

Yes. Tuscan Foundry Products stocks large-capacity cast iron gutter profiles appropriate for the wide roof spans of churches, including Deep Half Round and Large Sand Cast profiles. Bespoke profiles are available where the original section is non-standard. Contact us on 0333 987 4452.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

What are large sand cast cast iron gutters?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are heritage rainwater profiles manufactured by the traditional sand casting process in sizes significantly larger than standard stock ranges. They are produced for buildings where standard gutter profiles — typically up to 150mm — are insufficient for the roof area, drainage load, or where the specific historic profile of the building must be matched for conservation accuracy. Profiles include large deep half round, moulded ogee, deep ogee, railway pattern, and box gutter sections. Tuscan Foundry Products has been casting these profiles since 1893.

Who are large sand cast gutters suitable for?

Large sand cast cast iron gutters are suited to country houses, major civic buildings, cathedrals and large churches, Victorian institutional buildings, railway heritage sites, industrial heritage buildings, and estate architecture. They are specified where a standard stock gutter is too small for the drainage requirement, or where a listed building or conservation area project requires a like-for-like match to the original historic profile in a size that standard ranges do not provide.

How do I order a large sand cast cast iron gutter from Tuscan Foundry Products?

Large sand cast gutters are produced to order and are priced on application. Lead times are typically 8–10 weeks from order confirmation. Contact Tuscan Foundry Products on 0333 987 4452 to discuss your profile, sizes, fittings requirements, and project timeline. A site survey may be recommended for complex conservation projects where profile matching is critical.

Cast iron ornamental round downpipe earbands

Size	65mm, 75mm, 100mm

What is the advantage of a louvre-face airbrick over a square-grid pattern?

The louvre face provides directional airflow and offers some resistance to driven rain entering the subfloor void, making it a practical choice for exposed elevations or properties in areas with significant prevailing wind and rainfall. The square-grid (school board) pattern offers a larger open ventilation area but less weather protection.

What size cast iron hopper head do I need for my project?

The right size depends on the width of your gutter run and the volume of water you need to collect. The Strayton H42A is available in four widths: 305mm (12"), 355mm (14"), 457mm (18"), and 610mm (24"). As a general guide, wider hoppers suit larger roof areas and heavier rainfall zones. If you are unsure, our team can advise based on your gutter profile and catchment area — call 0333 987 4452.

What building types is the Brass Rooflight Hand Winder Opener – Telescopic suited to?

This opener is particularly well suited to period and heritage properties — Georgian and Victorian terraces, conservation area houses, traditional orangeries, and listed buildings where a brass finish is required to complement existing ironmongery. It is compatible with Lumen Rooflights and most timber-framed skylights.

What sizes and weights are available for the Ornamental Airbrick?

The Ornamental Airbrick (OAB) is available in three sizes: 225mm × 75mm (2.8kg), 225mm × 150mm (4.1kg), and 225mm × 225mm (5.8kg). All sizes have a uniform depth of 75mm, making them consistent to install across a subfloor ventilation course.

What building types is the Cast Iron Louvre Airbrick suited to?

The Cast Iron Louvre Airbrick suits Victorian and Edwardian terraced housing, semi-detached properties, public houses, agricultural buildings, and workshop structures where the original airbrick was a louvre-face grille. The horizontal fin profile is widely found in British domestic and light industrial construction from the 1870s through to the 1950s.

How do I get a price for cast iron airbricks?

Prices are shown on each product page. For project quantities, specification advice, or a formal quotation, please call 0333 987 4452 or use the contact form.

What sizes are your cast iron airbricks available in?

Our cast iron airbricks are available in three standard sizes: 225mm × 75mm (single course), 225mm × 150mm (double course), and 225mm × 225mm (square format). These correspond to the standard airbrick positions used in Victorian and Edwardian brickwork. Each size is available across the School Board, Louvre, and Ornamental pattern ranges.

Is a brass rooflight opener handle suitable for a listed building?

Yes. Polished brass ironmongery is historically appropriate for period buildings and is generally acceptable to conservation officers for listed building projects. If you require confirmation for your specific scheme, we are happy to advise — call 0333 987 4452.

We have just purchased some cast iron radiators and they have a slightly uneven texture to the surface. What can we do about this.

Casting of iron is an imperfect processs. It is possible with some cast iron radiators that you will get minor imperfections in the surface finish. When radiators are painted this will reduce and over the years every additional coat of paint applied will provide a smoother more equal finish.

We are building a new property in a traditional style and wish to place a cast iron ornamental hopper head with the date on that the building will be completed. Will this be possible.

We are able to place dates and initials and insignia onto most of our flat faced rainwater hopper heads.

Round Pipe Ornamental Earband (E)

Additional information

FAQ Categories

What is the advantage of a louvre-face airbrick over a square-grid pattern?

What size cast iron hopper head do I need for my project?

What building types is the Brass Rooflight Hand Winder Opener – Telescopic suited to?

What sizes and weights are available for the Ornamental Airbrick?

What building types is the Cast Iron Louvre Airbrick suited to?

How do I get a price for cast iron airbricks?

What sizes are your cast iron airbricks available in?

Is a brass rooflight opener handle suitable for a listed building?

We have just purchased some cast iron radiators and they have a slightly uneven texture to the surface. What can we do about this.

We are building a new property in a traditional style and wish to place a cast iron ornamental hopper head with the date on that the building will be completed. Will this be possible.

Working together to make the world a brighter place

CONTACT US

FOLLOW US

MESSAGE US

ABOUT US

PRODUCTS

SUPPORT

CONTACT

Round Pipe Ornamental Earband (E)

Additional information

FAQ Categories

What is the advantage of a louvre-face airbrick over a square-grid pattern?

What size cast iron hopper head do I need for my project?

What building types is the Brass Rooflight Hand Winder Opener – Telescopic suited to?

What sizes and weights are available for the Ornamental Airbrick?

What building types is the Cast Iron Louvre Airbrick suited to?

How do I get a price for cast iron airbricks?

What sizes are your cast iron airbricks available in?

Is a brass rooflight opener handle suitable for a listed building?

We have just purchased some cast iron radiators and they have a slightly uneven texture to the surface. What can we do about this.

We are building a new property in a traditional style and wish to place a cast iron ornamental hopper head with the date on that the building will be completed. Will this be possible.

Related products

Round Pipe Shoe Eared

Round Pipe Offset 150mm (6″) Projection

Round Pipe Offset 610mm (24″) Projection